yesod/Yesod/Handler.hs
2010-07-13 00:12:59 +03:00

441 lines
15 KiB
Haskell

{-# LANGUAGE ExistentialQuantification #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeSynonymInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts #-}
{-# LANGUAGE PackageImports #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
{-# LANGUAGE Rank2Types #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
---------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Module : Yesod.Handler
-- Copyright : Michael Snoyman
-- License : BSD3
--
-- Maintainer : Michael Snoyman <michael@snoyman.com>
-- Stability : unstable
-- Portability : portable
--
-- Define Handler stuff.
--
---------------------------------------------------------
module Yesod.Handler
( -- * Type families
Route
-- * Handler monad
, Handler
, GHandler
-- ** Read information from handler
, getYesod
, getYesodSub
, getUrlRender
, getCurrentRoute
, getRouteToMaster
-- * Special responses
-- ** Redirecting
, RedirectType (..)
, redirect
, redirectParams
, redirectString
-- ** Errors
, notFound
, badMethod
, permissionDenied
, invalidArgs
-- ** Short-circuit responses.
, sendFile
, sendResponse
-- * Setting headers
, setCookie
, deleteCookie
, setHeader
, setLanguage
-- * Session
, setSession
, deleteSession
-- ** Ultimate destination
, setUltDest
, setUltDestString
, setUltDest'
, redirectUltDest
-- ** Messages
, setMessage
, getMessage
-- * Internal Yesod
, runHandler
, YesodApp (..)
, toMasterHandler
) where
import Prelude hiding (catch)
import Yesod.Request
import Yesod.Content
import Yesod.Internal
import Data.List (foldl', intercalate)
import Data.Neither
import Control.Exception hiding (Handler, catch)
import qualified Control.Exception as E
import Control.Applicative
import Control.Monad.IO.Class
import Control.Monad.Trans.Class
import Control.Monad.Trans.Writer
import Control.Monad.Trans.Reader
import "MonadCatchIO-transformers" Control.Monad.CatchIO (MonadCatchIO)
import System.IO
import qualified Network.Wai as W
import Control.Monad.Attempt
import Data.ByteString.UTF8 (toString)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.UTF8 as L
import Text.Hamlet
import Numeric (showIntAtBase)
import Data.Char (ord, chr)
-- | The type-safe URLs associated with a site argument.
type family Route a
data HandlerData sub master = HandlerData
{ handlerRequest :: Request
, handlerSub :: sub
, handlerMaster :: master
, handlerRoute :: Maybe (Route sub)
, handlerRender :: (Route master -> String)
, handlerToMaster :: Route sub -> Route master
}
handlerSubData :: (Route sub -> Route master)
-> (master -> sub)
-> Route sub
-> HandlerData oldSub master
-> HandlerData sub master
handlerSubData tm ts route hd = hd
{ handlerSub = ts $ handlerMaster hd
, handlerToMaster = tm
, handlerRoute = Just route
}
-- | Used internally for promoting subsite handler functions to master site
-- handler functions. Should not be needed by users.
toMasterHandler :: (Route sub -> Route master)
-> (master -> sub)
-> Route sub
-> GHandler sub master a
-> Handler master a
toMasterHandler tm ts route (GHandler h) =
GHandler $ withReaderT (handlerSubData tm ts route) h
-- | A generic handler monad, which can have a different subsite and master
-- site. This monad is a combination of 'ReaderT' for basic arguments, a
-- 'WriterT' for headers and session, and an 'MEitherT' monad for handling
-- special responses. It is declared as a newtype to make compiler errors more
-- readable.
newtype GHandler sub master a = GHandler { unGHandler ::
ReaderT (HandlerData sub master) (
MEitherT HandlerContents (
WriterT (Endo [Header]) (
WriterT (Endo [(String, Maybe String)]) (
IO
)))) a
}
deriving (Functor, Applicative, Monad, MonadIO, MonadCatchIO)
type Endo a = a -> a
-- | A 'GHandler' limited to the case where the master and sub sites are the
-- same. This is the usual case for application writing; only code written
-- specifically as a subsite need been concerned with the more general variety.
type Handler yesod = GHandler yesod yesod
-- | An extension of the basic WAI 'W.Application' datatype to provide extra
-- features needed by Yesod. Users should never need to use this directly, as
-- the 'GHandler' monad and template haskell code should hide it away.
newtype YesodApp = YesodApp
{ unYesodApp
:: (ErrorResponse -> YesodApp)
-> Request
-> [ContentType]
-> IO (W.Status, [Header], ContentType, Content, [(String, String)])
}
data HandlerContents =
HCContent ChooseRep
| HCError ErrorResponse
| HCSendFile ContentType FilePath
| HCRedirect RedirectType String
instance Failure ErrorResponse (GHandler sub master) where
failure = GHandler . lift . throwMEither . HCError
instance RequestReader (GHandler sub master) where
getRequest = handlerRequest <$> GHandler ask
-- | Get the sub application argument.
getYesodSub :: GHandler sub master sub
getYesodSub = handlerSub <$> GHandler ask
-- | Get the master site appliation argument.
getYesod :: GHandler sub master master
getYesod = handlerMaster <$> GHandler ask
-- | Get the URL rendering function.
getUrlRender :: GHandler sub master (Route master -> String)
getUrlRender = handlerRender <$> GHandler ask
-- | Get the route requested by the user. If this is a 404 response- where the
-- user requested an invalid route- this function will return 'Nothing'.
getCurrentRoute :: GHandler sub master (Maybe (Route sub))
getCurrentRoute = handlerRoute <$> GHandler ask
-- | Get the function to promote a route for a subsite to a route for the
-- master site.
getRouteToMaster :: GHandler sub master (Route sub -> Route master)
getRouteToMaster = handlerToMaster <$> GHandler ask
modifySession :: [(String, String)] -> (String, Maybe String)
-> [(String, String)]
modifySession orig (k, v) =
case v of
Nothing -> dropKeys k orig
Just v' -> (k, v') : dropKeys k orig
dropKeys :: String -> [(String, x)] -> [(String, x)]
dropKeys k = filter $ \(x, _) -> x /= k
-- | Function used internally by Yesod in the process of converting a
-- 'GHandler' into an 'W.Application'. Should not be needed by users.
runHandler :: HasReps c
=> GHandler sub master c
-> (Route master -> String)
-> Maybe (Route sub)
-> (Route sub -> Route master)
-> master
-> (master -> sub)
-> YesodApp
runHandler handler mrender sroute tomr ma tosa = YesodApp $ \eh rr cts -> do
let toErrorHandler =
InternalError
. (show :: Control.Exception.SomeException -> String)
let hd = HandlerData
{ handlerRequest = rr
, handlerSub = tosa ma
, handlerMaster = ma
, handlerRoute = sroute
, handlerRender = mrender
, handlerToMaster = tomr
}
((contents', headers), session') <- E.catch (
runWriterT
$ runWriterT
$ runMEitherT
$ flip runReaderT hd
$ unGHandler handler
) (\e -> return ((MLeft $ HCError $ toErrorHandler e, id), id))
let contents = meither id (HCContent . chooseRep) contents'
let finalSession = foldl' modifySession (reqSession rr) $ session' []
let handleError e = do
(_, hs, ct, c, sess) <- unYesodApp (eh e) safeEh rr cts
let hs' = headers hs
return (getStatus e, hs', ct, c, sess)
let sendFile' ct fp =
return (W.status200, headers [], ct, W.ResponseFile fp, finalSession)
case contents of
HCContent a -> do
(ct, c) <- chooseRep a cts
return (W.status200, headers [], ct, c, finalSession)
HCError e -> handleError e
HCRedirect rt loc -> do
let hs = Header "Location" loc : headers []
return (getRedirectStatus rt, hs, typePlain, emptyContent,
finalSession)
HCSendFile ct fp -> E.catch
(sendFile' ct fp)
(handleError . toErrorHandler)
safeEh :: ErrorResponse -> YesodApp
safeEh er = YesodApp $ \_ _ _ -> do
liftIO $ hPutStrLn stderr $ "Error handler errored out: " ++ show er
return (W.status500, [], typePlain, toContent "Internal Server Error", [])
-- | Redirect to the given route.
redirect :: RedirectType -> Route master -> GHandler sub master a
redirect rt url = redirectParams rt url []
-- | Redirects to the given route with the associated query-string parameters.
redirectParams :: RedirectType -> Route master -> [(String, String)]
-> GHandler sub master a
redirectParams rt url params = do
r <- getUrlRender
redirectString rt $ r url ++
if null params then "" else '?' : encodeUrlPairs params
where
encodeUrlPairs = intercalate "&" . map encodeUrlPair
encodeUrlPair (x, []) = escape x
encodeUrlPair (x, y) = escape x ++ '=' : escape y
escape = concatMap escape'
escape' c
| 'A' < c && c < 'Z' = [c]
| 'a' < c && c < 'a' = [c]
| '0' < c && c < '9' = [c]
| c `elem` ".-~_" = [c]
| c == ' ' = "+"
| otherwise = '%' : myShowHex (ord c) ""
myShowHex :: Int -> ShowS
myShowHex n r = case showIntAtBase 16 toChrHex n r of
[] -> "00"
[c] -> ['0',c]
s -> s
toChrHex d
| d < 10 = chr (ord '0' + fromIntegral d)
| otherwise = chr (ord 'A' + fromIntegral (d - 10))
-- | Redirect to the given URL.
redirectString :: RedirectType -> String -> GHandler sub master a
redirectString rt = GHandler . lift . throwMEither . HCRedirect rt
ultDestKey :: String
ultDestKey = "_ULT"
-- | Sets the ultimate destination variable to the given route.
--
-- An ultimate destination is stored in the user session and can be loaded
-- later by 'redirectUltDest'.
setUltDest :: Route master -> GHandler sub master ()
setUltDest dest = do
render <- getUrlRender
setUltDestString $ render dest
-- | Same as 'setUltDest', but use the given string.
setUltDestString :: String -> GHandler sub master ()
setUltDestString = setSession ultDestKey
-- | Same as 'setUltDest', but uses the current page.
--
-- If this is a 404 handler, there is no current page, and then this call does
-- nothing.
setUltDest' :: GHandler sub master ()
setUltDest' = do
route <- getCurrentRoute
tm <- getRouteToMaster
maybe (return ()) setUltDest $ tm <$> route
-- | Redirect to the ultimate destination in the user's session. Clear the
-- value from the session.
--
-- The ultimate destination is set with 'setUltDest'.
redirectUltDest :: RedirectType
-> Route master -- ^ default destination if nothing in session
-> GHandler sub master ()
redirectUltDest rt def = do
mdest <- lookupSession ultDestKey
deleteSession ultDestKey
maybe (redirect rt def) (redirectString rt) mdest
msgKey :: String
msgKey = "_MSG"
-- | Sets a message in the user's session.
--
-- The message set here will not be visible within the current request;
-- instead, it will only appear in the next request.
--
-- See 'getMessage'.
setMessage :: Html () -> GHandler sub master ()
setMessage = setSession msgKey . L.toString . renderHtml
-- | Gets the message in the user's session, if available, and then clears the
-- variable.
--
-- See 'setMessage'.
getMessage :: GHandler sub master (Maybe (Html ()))
getMessage = do
deleteSession msgKey
fmap (fmap preEscapedString) $ lookupSession msgKey
-- | Bypass remaining handler code and output the given file.
--
-- For some backends, this is more efficient than reading in the file to
-- memory, since they can optimize file sending via a system call to sendfile.
sendFile :: ContentType -> FilePath -> GHandler sub master a
sendFile ct = GHandler . lift . throwMEither . HCSendFile ct
-- | Bypass remaining handler code and output the given content.
sendResponse :: HasReps c => c -> GHandler sub master a
sendResponse = GHandler . lift . throwMEither . HCContent . chooseRep
-- | Return a 404 not found page. Also denotes no handler available.
notFound :: Failure ErrorResponse m => m a
notFound = failure NotFound
-- | Return a 405 method not supported page.
badMethod :: (RequestReader m, Failure ErrorResponse m) => m a
badMethod = do
w <- waiRequest
failure $ BadMethod $ toString $ W.requestMethod w
-- | Return a 403 permission denied page.
permissionDenied :: Failure ErrorResponse m => String -> m a
permissionDenied = failure . PermissionDenied
-- | Return a 400 invalid arguments page.
invalidArgs :: Failure ErrorResponse m => [String] -> m a
invalidArgs = failure . InvalidArgs
------- Headers
-- | Set the cookie on the client.
setCookie :: Int -- ^ minutes to timeout
-> String -- ^ key
-> String -- ^ value
-> GHandler sub master ()
setCookie a b = addHeader . AddCookie a b
-- | Unset the cookie on the client.
deleteCookie :: String -> GHandler sub master ()
deleteCookie = addHeader . DeleteCookie
-- | Set the language in the user session. Will show up in 'languages'.
setLanguage :: String -> GHandler sub master ()
setLanguage = setSession langKey
-- | Set an arbitrary header on the client.
setHeader :: String -> String -> GHandler sub master ()
setHeader a = addHeader . Header a
-- | Set a variable in the user's session.
--
-- The session is handled by the clientsession package: it sets an encrypted
-- and hashed cookie on the client. This ensures that all data is secure and
-- not tampered with.
setSession :: String -- ^ key
-> String -- ^ value
-> GHandler sub master ()
setSession k v = GHandler . lift . lift . lift . tell $ (:) (k, Just v)
-- | Unsets a session variable. See 'setSession'.
deleteSession :: String -> GHandler sub master ()
deleteSession k = GHandler . lift . lift . lift . tell $ (:) (k, Nothing)
-- | Internal use only, not to be confused with 'setHeader'.
addHeader :: Header -> GHandler sub master ()
addHeader = GHandler . lift . lift . tell . (:)
getStatus :: ErrorResponse -> W.Status
getStatus NotFound = W.status404
getStatus (InternalError _) = W.status500
getStatus (InvalidArgs _) = W.status400
getStatus (PermissionDenied _) = W.status403
getStatus (BadMethod _) = W.status405
getRedirectStatus :: RedirectType -> W.Status
getRedirectStatus RedirectPermanent = W.status301
getRedirectStatus RedirectTemporary = W.status302
getRedirectStatus RedirectSeeOther = W.status303
-- | Different types of redirects.
data RedirectType = RedirectPermanent
| RedirectTemporary
| RedirectSeeOther
deriving (Show, Eq)